Manufacturing Odoo 19: BOM avanzate, versioning, routing, kit (guida 1 di 15)

Centotrentaquattresima guida operativa Odoo 19 per PMI italiane. Prima della nuova serie Manufacturing (15 guide dedicate). Il modulo Manufacturing Odoo 19 è il cuore produttivo PMI manifatturiere italiane: BOM avanzate con versioning, work orders + routings, MRP planning intelligente, quality control workflow. PMI italiana manifatturiera con MRP maturo vede production efficiency +35%, cost variance -25%, lead time -40%, OEE +12 punti. Vediamo BOM standard, BOM variant, BOM kit, routing operations, routing 2-step.

Vediamo: BOM standard production, BOM variant per options, BOM kit phantom, routing operations sequence, routing 2-step quality, casi PMI manifatturiere italiane.

Manufacturing Odoo 19: il quadro

Cosa è

• MRP (Material Requirements Planning)
• BOM management avanzato
• Work orders dispatching
• Routing operations
• Capacity planning
• Quality integration
• Cost tracking

PMI italiane target

• Meccanica + meccatronica
• Alimentare
• Tessile + abbigliamento
• Mobili + design
• Elettronica
• Cosmetica
• Farmaceutico
• Chimico

Benefici implementazione

• Production efficiency +35%
• Cost variance -25%
• Lead time -40%
• OEE +12 points
• Quality fail -50%
• Stock-out -60%
• Margin clarity +40%

BOM standard production

La BOM standard “Manufacture this product” è il caso base: ingredienti + quantità per produrre 1 finished good. Componenti consumati, finished goods prodotto. Vista BOM standard:

• Reference BOM
• Product to manufacture
• BOM type “Manufacture”
• Output quantity (es. 1 unità)
• Components list
• Quantity per component
• UoM (Unit of Measure)
• Routing assegnato
• By-products optional

BOM components types

• Raw materials: materie prime
• Sub-assemblies: semilavorati
• Consumables: ausiliari (lubrificanti, fasteners)
• Packaging: materiali confezionamento
• By-products: output secondari
• Scrap allowance: % perdita

BOM variant per options

La BOM variant gestisce prodotti con multiple varianti: colore, dimensione, materiale. Una BOM per ogni variant o BOM master con conditional components. Riduce complessità maintenance. Vista BOM variant:

• Product variant linked
• Attribute filter (Color/Size)
• Component conditional
• Apply on specific variant
• Quantity per attribute value
• Maintenance reduced
• Versioning per variant

Variant strategies

• One BOM per variant: massima flexibility, maintenance high
• Master BOM + conditions: less maintenance, complexity higher
• Product configurator: BOM dynamic per order
• Best practice: pochi varianti → individual BOM

BOM kit phantom

La BOM kit (phantom) NON crea manufacturing order al sale: componenti vengono direct shipped come “kit”. Useful per kit assemblati a momento delivery. Vista BOM kit:

• BOM type “Kit”
• Sale triggers components
• No manufacturing order
• Components allocated stock
• Delivery includes all parts
• Customer assembles or pre-assembled
• Cost rollup automatic

Quando usare Kit

• Bundle prodotti per promo
• Welcome kit nuovi customer
• Sample collection
• Spare parts kit
• Self-assembly products (IKEA-style)
• Subscription box

Routing operations sequence

Il routing definisce sequenza operations per produrre: cutting, drilling, assembly, painting, quality check. Ogni operation ha work center + duration + instructions. Permette work orders dispatching. Vista routing:

• Routing name
• Operations sequence
• Work center per step
• Duration expected
• Instructions HTML
• Quality checkpoints
• Tools required
• Linked BOM

Operations tipiche

• Cutting: taglio materiali
• Drilling: foratura
• Welding: saldatura
• Bending: piegatura
• Assembly: assemblaggio
• Quality check: controllo
• Painting: verniciatura
• Drying: asciugatura
• Packaging: imballaggio

Routing 2-step quality

Il routing 2-step includes quality check intermediate: prima production, poi quality control, poi finished goods to stock. Standard per regulated industries (alimentare, farmaceutico). Vista routing 2-step:

• Operation 1: Production
• Operation 2: Quality control
• QC station dedicated
• Pass/fail decision
• Fail → rework/scrap
• Pass → finished goods
• Documentation tracked

Quality check types

• Visual inspection: visual check
• Measurement: dimensional check
• Functional test: testing operativo
• Sample destructive: distruzione sample
• Documentation: certifications
• Sensory: gusto/odore (food)

BOM versioning

Cosa è

• History changes BOM nel tempo
• Audit trail modifiche
• Engineering change orders (ECO)
• Rollback possibile
• Compliance tracking

Workflow versioning

1. BOM v1.0 active
2. Change request submitted
3. ECO review + approval
4. BOM v1.1 created
5. Effective date set
6. v1.0 archived
7. Production switches v1.1
8. Audit trail preserved

Engineering Change Order (ECO)

• Reason for change
• Impact analysis
• Cost impact
• Approval workflow
• Documentation
• Communication team
• Effective date

BOM cost rollup

Materials cost

• Component cost × quantity
• FIFO/Average/Standard
• Updated real-time
• Variance tracking

Labor cost

• Work center rate × duration
• Operation-level
• Direct labor
• Setup time included

Overhead

• Fixed costs allocated
• % labor hours
• Activity-based
• Per finished good

Total product cost

• = Materials + Labor + Overhead
• Updated automatic
• Variance vs standard
• Margin per product

Nested BOM

Cosa è

• BOM con sub-assemblies che sono BOM
• Multi-level explosion
• Standard manifattura complex

Esempio

• Finished good: Bicicletta
• Component: Telaio (BOM separata)
• Component: Ruote (BOM separata)
• Component: Trasmissione (BOM separata)
• BOM master pulls da sub-BOMs

Best practice

• 3-5 levels manageable
• Flatten dove possibile
• Sub-assembly separate solo se reusable
• Performance considerations
• Maintenance complexity

Casi pratici PMI italiane

Caso 1 — Meccanica precisione

• 50 BOM attive standard
• Variant per customer config
• Nested 3 levels
• ECO workflow strict
• Quality 2-step routing

Caso 2 — Mobili artigianali

• BOM per modello
• Variant per material/colore
• Routing manual heavy
• Quality visual check
• Customer customization

Caso 3 — Alimentare

• BOM ricette
• FEFO components
• Routing cottura + confezionamento
• HACCP compliance
• Lot tracking critical

Caso 4 — Elettronica

• BOM nested 4-5 levels
• Kit per spare parts
• Quality functional test
• Serial tracking
• Warranty integration

5 errori comuni BOM

1. BOM non versioning: cambi non tracciati → discrepancy production
2. Routing missing: capacity planning impossible
3. Variant proliferation: 50+ BOM per stesso prodotto → maintenance nightmare
4. No quality check: defect post-shipment
5. Nested too deep: 7+ levels = performance + complexity

FAQ BOM

BOM quante mantenere?

1 BOM master per prodotto + versioning. Multi-BOM solo per varianti significative. Setup: 30-60 minuti per BOM standard.

Versioning obbligatorio?

Best practice fortemente. Compliance fiscale italiana richiede audit trail. Engineering documentation. Recall capability.

Kit vs Manufacture quale?

Manufacture: produzione vera con MO. Kit: bundle senza MO. Choice basato su business model + cost accounting needs.

ECO process necessario?

Sì per audit + quality. Setup 1-2 settimane. Compliance + accountability. Roll-out gradual.

BOM massimo levels?

5 levels gestibili. 7+ performance + complexity issues. Flatten dove possibile per maintenance.

Conclusione

BOM avanzate sono foundation Manufacturing Odoo. Setup 2-4 settimane per PMI con BOM complex. ROI: production efficiency +35%, cost variance -25%, audit ready. Le prossime 14 guide della serie approfondiscono ogni aspetto: work orders, MRP planning, quality control, subcontracting, cost analysis, OEE monitoring.

Vuoi BOM avanzate nella tua PMI manifatturiera?
G Tech Group implementa Odoo Manufacturing: discovery operations, BOM setup + versioning, routing operations, work centers, training production team.
Richiedi un preventivo gratuito oppure prova la nostra demo Odoo 19 live. Oppure prova Odoo direttamente su odoo.com (link partner Brentasoft).